By Mike Gleason
Once confined to the Great Plains of the country, coyotes have found their way eastward in the past half-century, causing concern as suburban areas report more and more activity by the animals.
Norfolk recently hosted a talk by Laura Conlee, furbearer project leader for the state Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, to address citizen fears about the animals.
Conlee said the coyotes moved to Massachusetts as conditions here became more amenable to their existence.
“As settlers came in, they took down the forests and removed the large predators,” she said.
Though coyotes may appear intimidating, Conlee said, they typically avoid contact with humans.
“They’re generally shy and elusive,” she said. “They can be active during the day or night, but their peak activity is at sunrise and sunset.”
According to Conlee, coyotes may sound threatening at night, but their howls typically aren’t malicious.
“We get a lot of calls about coyotes howling,” she said. “More often than not, they’re communicating with other groups.”
At the talk, one Norfolk resident said his dog had been attacked by two coyotes at night. He said the dog left the floodlit section of his yard at night and came back, battling the animals.
Conlee said such fights are often spurred by the pets themselves, seeking to protect their masters and defend their territory.
The best way to keep coyotes from coming in to neighborhoods, Conlee said, is to teach these adaptable animals not to do so.
“They’re territorial animals,” she said. “If you’re not in charge of your territory, they learn that people will let them be and [they’ll] do whatever they want.”
Conlee said people who see coyotes should stand their ground.
“Don’t let coyotes intimidate you – make noise,” she said. “Honking your horn doesn’t work very well, though… the reason they don’t run is that coyotes cross roads on a regular basis, so they hear horns all the time.”
She recommended throwing small objects at the animals, squirting them with a hose or water gun or just banging pots and pans together to create a startling noise.
To prevent coyotes from coming to one’s yard, Conlee suggested removing shrubby areas and brush piles from one’s backyard, using fences and eliminating potential food sources by not leaving garbage bags out overnight and not using open composting for food scraps.
“If you feed birds, keep the seed clean,” she said. “Use feeders that don’t let the seeds spill onto the ground. It’s not the seeds that attract coyotes, but the small animals that eat the seeds.”
Norfolk animal control officer Hilary Cohen said it was hard to tell if there had been an increase in coyote activity recently.
“We’ve seen more people witness their dog being bitten or attacked [by coyotes],” she said. “In the past, we’d see a dog walking around with a wound of unknown origin – whether that’s an increase, I can’t say.”
“It goes in cycles,” she said.
The decision to invite Conlee for the talk, she said, was spurred by two recent instances involving dogs and coyotes interacting.
Cohen said, in 16 years on the job, she had never seen or heard of a coyote attacking a human.
Conlee agreed that such an incident was unlikely.
“Coyote attacks on people are very, very rare,” she said. “We’ve had five confirmed attacks in Massachusetts – two of those coyotes were rabid, and we suspect the third was as well.”
Wrentham animal control officer Christopher Wider said his town had seen two or three incidents this year in which coyotes had attacked dogs.
“The latest was two weeks ago, when a couple of coyotes attacked a spaniel,” he said.
He added, though, that such calls are rare.
Mike Gleason is a freelance writer.